Colorectal screnning saves lives

SUBMITTED ARTICLE

"This year, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cases of colorectal cancer to be diagnosed will be over 150,000 in the U.S.," said Dr. Roger Rudloff. "It is the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths for both men and women. Routine screening and the removal of colorectal polyps is the best way to prevent colorectal cancer."

"Colorectal cancer is a term used to refer to cancer that develops in the colon and/or rectum," added Rudloff. "In most people, colorectal cancers develop slowly over a period of several years. Before a cancer develops, a non-cancerous growth of tissue or tumor, called a polyp, usually develops. A polyp develops on the lining of the colon or rectum and may eventually change into cancer. Once cancer forms within a polyp, it can eventually begin to grow into the wall of the colon or rectum. When this happens, the cancer cells can spread into blood or lymph vessels and travel to other parts of the body causing metastasis. That is why early detection of colorectal cancer is critical."

According to Rudloff, for the past 20 years, the rate of colorectal cancer deaths for Americans, age 50 and older, has been declining.

"This is due to the early detection and removal of polyps before they develop into cancer and the early detection of colorectal cancer when it is easier to treat. In addition, its treatment has improved over the last few decades."

Despite the decline of the disease in Americans over 50, the rates among those younger than 50 (including ages 30 – 40) have increased significantly. Changes in lifestyle and dietary habits over past decades are linked to this increase.

Risk factors for developing colorectal cancer include age (over 50 years), family history of colorectal cancer and a personal history of colorectal cancer, polyps or chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Other risk factors include a diet high in animal sources, heavy intake of alcohol, obesity, smoking, physical inactivity and diabetes.

Overall, unhealthy dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyles are linked to a higher risk of both colorectal cancer and excess weight gain. Foods with high-glycemic carbohydrates are more prevalent today than in the past and linked to the increased risks. These foods include sugar, honey, candy, white bread, pastries and packaged breakfast cereals. Eating low-sugar, high-fiber foods with plenty of raw and fresh fruits and vegetables are "key" for reducing cancer risk and staying healthy.

"The early stages of colorectal cancer usually have no symptoms," Rudloff said. "That is why routine screening beginning at age 50 is so important. Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease or a family history of Colon cancer or polyps should talk to their health care provider about getting screened earlier. "

Signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer usually appear only with more advanced stages of the disease. They include weakness and fatigue, a change in bowel habits and rectal bleeding or blood in the stool. Other symptoms include cramping, steady abdominal pain or feeling the need to have a bowel movement that is not relieved by doing so. If they are experienced, you should see your health care provider immediately.

Screening tests for early detection include a fecal occult blood test, colonoscopy and/or a barium enema ‒ all of which are available at AMH. For more information or recommendations for your routine screening, contact your local AMH health care provider.